Opposite of phaneritic. List Edit. Definitions of terminology used in geology. The time extending from the end of the formative period of the earth to the beginning of human history; the part of the earth's history that is recorded in the succession of rocks. Antonym of syncline. Acre-foot: The volume of water required to cover one acre of land to a depth of one (1) foot. Geology Key Terms Geologic Time Scale with ages shown in … Aa flows commonly develop from pahoehoe flows as they cool and lose gas. Sorted by name; initial letter means Igneous, Sedimentary or Metamorphic rocks.. A Edit I Andesite – an intermediate volcanic rock M Anthracite – a form of hard coal B Edit S Banded iron formation – a fine grained chemical sedimentary rock composed of iron oxide minerals S Bauxite – the main ore of aluminium.It is mostly aluminium oxide. 3. n. [Formation Evaluation] A general term for the rock around the borehole.In the context of formation evaluation, the term refers to the volume of rock seen by a measurement made in the borehole, as in a log or a well test.These measurements indicate the physical properties of this volume. The term implies extrememly long duration or remoteness in the past, although no precise limits can be set. There are numerous topics in the field of geology, some of which include oceanography, geoarchaeology, geophysics, volcanology, paleontology, and plate tectonics, just to name a few. Absolute Date: An estimate of the true age of a mineral or rock based on the rate of decay of radioactive minerals. The figure of the geologic time scale, represents time flowing continuously from the beginning of the Earth, with the time units presented in an unbroken sequence. anticline - A fold of rock layers with a convex shape pointing upwards. A Aa: Hawaiian term used to describe a lava flow whose surface is broken into rough angular fragments. But that does not mean there are rocks available for study for all of these time units. Extrapolation of the properties beyond the measurement volume requires a geological model. aphanitic - An igneous rock in which the matrix grains are too small to be seen with the unaided eye. Dictionary of geological terms. Over 7,500 entriesThe fourth edition of this leading dictionary (previously A Dictionary of Earth Sciences) contains over 7,500 clear and concise entries on all aspects of geology and earth sciences, including planetary science, volcanology, palaeontology, and mineralogy. geologic time. Geologic history of Earth, evolution of the continents, oceans, atmosphere, and biosphere.The layers of rock at Earth’s surface contain evidence of the evolutionary processes undergone by these components of the terrestrial environment during the times at which each layer was formed. 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