glossary of geology terms

The CJKI Glossary of Geology Terms, compiled by The CJK Dictionary Institute (CJKI) in Japan, is a comprehensive resource of English equivalents for Chinese Geology terminology, which provides translators with access to approximately 65,800 terms and their equivalents. Geology is the scientific study of the Earth, the materials of which it is made, the structure of those materials, and the processes acting upon them. Glossary of geology terms: | This page is a |glossary of geology|. Sedimentary -- Pertaining to or containing sediment, or formed by its deposition. Strain -- Change in the shape or volume of a body as a result of stress; a change of the relative configuration of the particles of a substance. Coesite -- A monoclinic mineral, SiO 2 . Canyon -- A stream-cut chasm or gorge, the sides of which are composed of cliffs or a series of cliffs rising from its bed. Common impurities include chert and clay. The coloured words are explained elsewhere in this glossary. Ejecta -- Glass, rock fragments, and other material thrown out of an explosion or impact crater during formation. Ҩ̞B[�)[��`$�l�ʢ4f��#)%M����,ɢ8?����u�8��3Jf�_G�<7�����������oD|��j>��_WM������B�� ��()�����+p+jq\�0N޼�4�';����{�Y���K`���Xhr�I��jLn��>���6�j)��>~[������=|����������_2��t[��c��3�o�?� ���{�M��/����g6�­��8�lx�j ���y�)���P�N�j�S���J�A`وY��! Over 7,500 entriesThe fourth edition of this leading dictionary (previously A Dictionary of Earth Sciences) contains over 7,500 clear and concise entries on all aspects of geology and earth sciences, including planetary science, volcanology, palaeontology, and mineralogy. Limestone is the most important and widely distributed of the carbonate rocks and is the consolidated equivalent of limy mud, calcareous sand, and/or shell fragments. The CJKI Glossary of Geology Terms, compiled by The CJK Dictionary Institute (CJKI) in Japan, is a comprehensive resource of Chinese equivalents for English Geology terminology, which provides translators with access to approximately 62,540 terms and their equivalents. GLOSSARY OF GEOLOGIC TERMS *. Obsidian -- A back or dark-colored volcanic glass, usually of rhyolitic composition, characterized by conchoidal fracture. The definitions are largely based on input from: • ISRM Terminology (1975) • Handbook in Engineering geology and rock mechanics, issued by the … Comet -- A celestial body, observed only in that part of its orbit that is relatively close to the sun, having a head consisting of a solid nucleus surrounded by a nebulous coma up to 2.4 million kilometers (1.5 million miles) in diameter and an elongated curved vapor tail arising from the coma when sufficiently close to the sun. Commonly gray or white, it has perfect rhombohedral cleavage and reacts readily with cold dilute hydrochloric acid. Stress -- In a solid, the force per unit area, acting on any surface within it, and variously expressed as pounds or tons per square inch, or dynes or kilograms per square centimeter. AGI is proud to feature this Fifth REVISED edition of the Glossary of Geology. Glossary of soil terms Absorption: Uptake of matter or energy by a substance Acid soil: Soil with a pH value less than 7.0. It has a finely laminated structure, which gives it a fissility along which the rock splits readily, especially on weathered surfaces. Boulder clay: mixture of clay, pebbles and boulders deposited by ice sheets. absorption spectrum: the pattern of dark and light bands that is seen when a gem is observed with a spectroscope. Glossary of Geology, Fifth Edition (revised) AGI is proud to feature this Fifth REVISED edition of the Glossary of Geology. The fifth edition of the Glossary of Geology contains nearly 40,000 entries, including 3.600 new terms and nearly 13,000 entries with revised definitions from the previous edition. Four kinds may be distinguished: (1) polar deserts, marked by perpetual snow cover and intense cold; (2) middle-latitude deserts, in the basinlike interiors of the continents, such as the Gobi, characterized by scant rainfall and high summer temperatures; (3) trade-wind deserts, notably the Sahara, with negligible precipitation and large daily temperature range; (4) coastal deserts, as in Peru, where there is a cold current on the western coast of a large land mass. Most asteroid orbits are between those of planets Mars and Jupiter. Sandstone -- A clastic sedimentary rock composed of grains of sand size set in a matrix of silt or clay and more or less firmly united by a cementing material (commonly silica, iron oxide, or calcium carbonate); the consolidated equivalent of sand. ��Pe�g�+�6Q�LB�\i�:-�R����tH����%(���R�Hȥ�#��bZ�H�~�(�7*P�P�?-�3~����pʃ���D+�jY,�,e����T�MıH�"���RGg/��X�'7d=��X�,JWˮ��RŲ����$*2�y/�x9zx�� V"Q���X��ͣU�l�T�O�2� ��0㲸�� Jump to: navigation, search. This indispensable reference tool contains nearly 40,000 entries, including 3,600 new terms and nearly 13,000 entries with revised definitions from the previous edition. An important part of geology is the study of how Earth’s materials, structures, processes and organisms have changed over time. It is the commonest sulfate mineral, and is frequently associated with halite and anhydrite in evaporites, forming thick, extensive beds, especially in rocks of Permian and Triassic age. The distinction between glass and liquid is on the basis of viscosity. 4 0 obj <> ALPHABETICAL GLOSSARY OF GEOMORPHOLOGY Version 1.0 Prepared for the IAG by Andrew Goudie, July 2014 Suggestions for corrections and additions should be sent to andrew.goudie@stx.ox.ac.uk Abime A vertical shaft in karstic (limestone) areas Ablation The wasting and removal of material from a rock surface by weathering and Monomictic -- Said of a clastic sedimentary rock composed of a single mineral species. It is crossed by many distributaries, and results from the accumulation of sediment supplied by the river. Glossary of Geology (Bates and Jackson, 1980, p. 401) defines a mineral as "a naturally occurring inorganic element or compound This glossary of geology is a list of definitions of terms and It includes the study of organisms that have inhabited our planet. Fault -- A fracture or a fracture zone along which there has been displacement of the sides relative to one another parallel to the fracture. Breccia -- A coarse-grained clastic rock, composed of angular broken rock fragments held together by a mineral cement or a fine-grained matrix. a graywacke; also, said of the clasts of such a rock. <> Geology Glossary and Terms. As collections management throughout the USGS expands, this list of terms will grow and definitions may change. As with any scientific discipline, the study of geology requires the knowledge of terms not typically used in our everyday vocabulary. 2) A popular term for detrital sediment along streams or beaches, composed cheifly of pebbles and sand. Any of several hard, inert materials, such as sand, gravel, slag, or crushed stone, used for mixing with a cemeting or bituminous material to form concrete, mortar, or plater; or used alone, as in railroad ballast or graded fill. Pyroclastic -- Pertaining to clastic rock material formed by volcanic explosion or aerial expulsion from a volcanic vent. Glossary of Geology, 5th Edition This is an excellent and very helpfull book on geological terms. Desert -- A region with a mean annual precipitation of 10 inches or less, and so devoid of vegetation as to be incapable of supporting any considerable population. A common vocabulary with clear definitions promotes effective communication. Clays may be classified by use, origin, mineral composition, or color. <>>> Gravel -- 1) An unconsolidated natural accumulation of rounded rock fragments, mostly of particles larger than sand (diameter greater than 2 millimeters), such as boulders, cobbles, pebbles, granules, or any combination of these; the unconsolidated equivalent of a conglomerate. The definitions are largely based on input from: • ISRM Terminology (1975) • Handbook in Engineering geology and rock mechanics, issued by the Norwegian Rock Mechanics Group (NBG), (2000); Quartz is most common gangue mineral of ore deposits, forms the major proportion of most sands, and has a widespread distribution in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. It yields lime on calcination. This indispensable reference tool contains nearly 40,000 entries, including 3,600 new terms and nearly 13,000 entries with revised definitions from the previous edition. -Glossary of geology -Chronostratigraphy -Chronozone -Deep hot zone -Dip-slip fault -Discrete debris accumulation -Eonothem -Erathem -Friability -Stratigraphic unit -Geon (geology) -Glossary of meteoritics -Joint (geology) -Leaverite -Oblique-slip fault -Paralithic -Primary rock … Geology is the study of the Earth, the materials of which it is made, the structure of those materials, and the processes acting upon them. This is a must-have for all geoscientists, engineers working with earth-related issues, and students and other professionals. A It is a type of basaltic lava that has a high speed of flowing and cools down to form rough and scraggy-surfaced igneous rocks. In addition to definitions, many entries include background information and aids to syllabication. Matrix -- The finer-grained material enclosing the larger grains in a sediment or sedimentary rock. Polymictic -- Said of a clastic sedimentary rock composed of many rock types, e.g. Crsytallites are detectable in thin section. Tuff -- A general term for all consolidated pyroclastic rocks. They range in size from simple unicelluar forms to giant kelps several meters long, and display extremely varied life cycles and physiological processes, with, for example, different complexes of photosynthetic pigments. Crust -- The outermost layer of the Eart; that part of the Earth above the Mohorovicic discontinuity, made up of sial , or of sial and sima . Acidification: Process whereby soil becomes acid (pH < 7) because acid parent material is present or in regions with high rainfall, where soil leaching occurs. It represents less than 0.1% of the Earth's total volume. Toolbox for Research and Exploration (TREX). 3. Glossary of geology Bookplateleaf 0006 Boxid IA1372014 Camera Sony Alpha-A6300 (Control) Collection_set trent External-identifier urn:oclc:record:1149326085 Foldoutcount 0 Grant_report Arcadia Identifier glossaryofgeolog0000bate Identifier-ark ark:/13960/t2n66b89n Invoice 1853 Isbn 0913312150 … Fossil -- Any remains, trace, or imprint of a plant or animal that has been preserved in the earth's crust since some past geologic or prehistoric time; loosely, any evidence of past life. This indispensable reference tool contains nearly 40,000 entries, including 3,600 new terms and nearly 13,000 entries with revised definitions from the previous edition. PSI, a Nonprofit Corporation 501(c)(3), and an Equal Opportunity/M/F/Vet/Disabled/Affirmative Action Employer.Corporate Headquarters: 1700 East Fort Lowell, Suite 106 * Tucson, AZ 85719-2395 * 520-622-6300 * FAX: 520-622-8060Copyright © 2021 . Please see the Updates section for more information on any revisions. The Glossary of Geology, The American Geological Institute's (AGI) premiere geoscience resource publication, is now available online. Most tektites are high in silica (68-82%) and very low in water content (average 0.005%): their composition is unlike that of obsidian and more like that of shale. Tektite -- A rounded pitted jet-black to greenish or yellowish body of silicate glass of non-volcanic origin, usually walnut-sized, found in groups in several widely separated areas of the Earth's surface. FUNDAMENTALS eBOOK A geology dictionary that is used regularly is one of the most important tools for developing professional competence. Given below is an alphabetical glossary of all geological terms that are commonly used while studying it. Glass -- A state of matter intermediate between the close-packed, highly ordered array of a crystal, and the poorly-packed, highly disordered array of a gas. You can search for an entry using this form: Delta -- The nearly flat alluvial tract of land at the mouth of a river, commonly forming a triangular or fan-shaped plain resembling the greek letter "delta" in plan view. Glossary of geologic terms. This list may not reflect recent changes. 3. Biology refers to the science of living organisms. �%ވ.�P Carbonate -- A mineral compound characterized by a fundamental anionic structure of CO 3 -2 . Gypsum -- A widely distributed mineral consisting of hydrous calcium sulfate: CaSO 4- H 2 O. Clast -- An individual constituent, grain, or fragment of a detrital sediment or sedimentary rock, produced by the physical disintegration of a larger rock mass. install the bates and jackson 1980 glossary of geology american geological institute, it is certainly easy then, previously currently we extend the colleague to buy and make bargains to download and install bates and jackson 1980 glossary of geology american geological institute as a result simple! It occurs as crystalline quartz, cryptocrystalline chalcedony, and amorphous opal; dominantly in sand, diatomite, and chert; and combined in silicates as an essential constituent of many minerals. Meteorite -- Any solid object from interplanetary space that has fallen to the Earth's surface without being vaporized by frictional heating during its passage through the atmosphere; a stony or metallic object large enough to reach the ground. Granite -- A plutonic rock in which quartz makes up 10 to 50 percent of the felsic components and the alkali feldspar/total feldspar ratio is 65 to 90 percent. This glossary of geology is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to geology, its sub-disciplines, and related fields. Weathering -- The destructive processes by which rocks are changed on exposure to atmospheric agents at or near the earth's surface, with little or no transport of the loosened or altered material. Formations may be combined into groups or subdivided into members . Any of several hard, inert materials, such as sand, gravel, slag, or crushed stone, used for mixing with a cemeting or bituminous material to form concrete, mortar, or plater; or used alone, as in railroad ballast or graded fill. The Glossary below is the most recent version as of September 10, 2019. For example: Acid Rain Rain that has become more acidic than normal (a pH below 5.0) as certain oxides present as airborne pollutants are absorbed by the water droplets. This indispensable reference tool contains nearly 40,000 entries, including 3,600 new terms and nearly 13,000 entries with revised definitions from the previous edition. PhysicalGeography.net | GLOSSARY OF TERMS HOME. Updated November 2019 . For other terms related to the Earth sciences, see Glossary of geography terms. From The Gemology Project. In addition to definitions, many entries include background information and aids to syllabication. Soil Science Division staff and NCSS participants are encouraged to propose additions and changes to the glossary for use in pedon descriptions, soil map unit descriptions, and soil survey publications. "Bombs" - volcanic: lumps of rock and/or lava thrown out of a volcano during an eruption. Absolutely nessesary for any geologist, students in geology and any related specialist as well. It is, next to feldspar, the most common mineral, occuring either in transparent hexagonal crystals or in crystalline or cryptocrystalline masses. Calcite -- A common rock-forming mineral, CaCO 3 . The Glossary draws its authority from the expertise of the more than 100 geoscientists in many specialties who reviewed definitions and added new terms. Silica -- Silicon dioxide, SiO 2 . Microscope -- An optical instrument that uses a lens or a combination of lenses to produce magnified images of small objects, especially of objects too small to be seen by the unaided eye. The most common cements are silica, carbonates, and iron oxides. A speleothem . The terms provided in the IGWS glossary represent key words found in many of our publications and documents. A group of plant or animal associations that exist together because of closely similar life patterns, habits, and climate requirements. Cement -- Chemically precipitated mineral material that occurs in the spaces of a sedimentary rock, thus binding the grains into a rigid mass. Geology Glossary and Terms. The Greek derivation of the word "geology" refers only to the Earth, but since the beginning of the space age, the field has expanded to include the study of the solid matter of other celestial bodies, such as Mars and the Moon. Ash Fall -- A rain of airborne volcanic ash falling from an eruption cloud. A * Abyssal plain - Flat or very gently sloping areas of the deep ocean basin floor. Dictionary of Geological Terms - Only $18.99. The fifth edition of the Glossary of Geology contains nearly 40,000 entries, including 3.600 new terms and nearly 13,000 entries with revised definitions from the previous edition. The Glossary of Geology (GG, 2005) serves as a major source for many glossary terms. Angular -- Having sharp angles or borders. A * Abyssal plain - Flat or very gently sloping areas of the deep ocean basin floor. 6. 2 0 obj Comets are thought to consist chiefly of ammonia, methane, carbon dioxide, and water. Suevite -- A grayish or yellowish breccia that is associated with meteorite impact craters and that contains both shock-metamorphosed rock fragments and glassy inclusions that occur typically as aerodynamically-shaped bombs. Glossary Of Geology free download - Geology, Awesome Geology from Space Screen Saver, Glossary, and many more programs Physical Geology includes processes that affect the earth's internal and external structure, composition and other natural functions. Alluvial Fan -- An outspread, gently sloping mass of alluvium deposited by a stream in an arid or semi-arid region where a stream issues from a narrow canyon onto a plain or valley floor. Soil Science Division staff and NCSS participants are encouraged to propose additions and changes to the glossary for use in pedon descriptions, soil map unit descriptions, and soil survey publications. Polymorph -- A crystal form of a substance that displays polymorphism. 2) An earthy, extremely fine-grained sediment or soft rock composed primarily of clay-size or colloidal particles, having high plasticity and a considerable content of clay minerals. Compre o livro Glossary of Geological and other Scientific terms used in Principles of Geology na Amazon.com.br: confira as ofertas para livros em inglês e importados GLOSSARY OF GEOLOGIC TERMS * Aggregate -- A mass or body of rock particles, mineral grains, or both. Glossary of Terms. 4. A topographic feature differing conspicously from adjacent features, e.g. Glossary of geology terms. But in the rocks... Acidification:. Deformation -- A general term for the processes of folding, faulting, shearing, compression, or extension of rocks as a result of various earth forces. The Glossary below is the most recent version as of September 10, 2019. "cherty formation". Said of an ore deposit formed adjacent to a volcanic feature to which it is genetically related and from which its constituents have been derived. .���a 8��p�6r��u�H�;�D�(�3Dr�i'��zp�*lJ�� E�F*g�9�5t'��&���.K4�Aԋ]��@ֱ7�ȝށc�_)�ܹ�.�7�J. The definitions found in this glossary are from, "The Federal Glossary of Selected Terms: Subsurface-Water Flow and Solute Transport": Department of Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Office of Water Data Coordination, August 1989. Additionally, it is nostalgic for me, since in those days I was beginning my education as a geologist, and the presence of the “Glossary” was a source of comfort and amusement at the same time. Bedrock -- The solid rock that underlies gravel, soil, or other surficial material. The fifth edition of the Glossary of Geology contains nearly 40,000 entries, including 3.600 new terms and nearly 13,000 entries with revised definitions from the previous edition. Aggregate -- A mass or body of rock particles, mineral grains, or both. Proximal -- 1. Algae -- Photosynthetic, almost exclusively aquatic plants of a large and diverse group, including seaweeds and their fresh-water allies. 2. Available for both individual and institutional licensing, the online glossary is searchable using terms, words within terms or definitions, and categories. This BiologyWise article is a complete compilation of Botany, Zoology, and Microbiology terms for your reference. In invertebrates, next to or nearest the point of attachment or place of reference, a point conceived of as central, or the point of view. endobj A body of rock strata that consists dominantly of a certain lithologic type or combination of types. The term is used in a relative sense, and various size limits have been utilized. 1 0 obj Impact breccia -- A coarse-grained clastic rock, composed of angular broken rock fragments held together by a mineral cement or a fine-grained matrix that is diagnostic from an impact event. Caldera -- A large basin-shaped volcanic depression, more or less circular, the diameter of which is many times greater than that of the included ventor vents, irrespective of steepness of the walls or form of the floor. More generally, solid fragmental material transported and deposited by wind, water, or ice, chemically precipitated from solution, or secreted by organisms, and that forms in layers in loose unconsolidated form such as sand, mud, or till. Native iron is rare in terrestrial rocks but common in meteorites. Historical Geology is the study of Earth history and the evolution of life on earth - especially the past life forms that are preserved as fossils. Ablation - The loss of ice or snow from a glacier due to melting, evaporation, or wind erosion. Dictionary of Geological Terms - Only $19.99 All scientific disciplines have an essential vocabulary that students and professionals must understand to learn and communicate effectively. Most meteorites are believed to be fragments of asteroids and to consist of primitive solid matter similar to that from which the Earth was originally formed. This indispensable reference tool contains nearly 40,000 entries, including 3,600 new terms and nearly 13,000 entries with revised updating this glossary. Bedrock - The solid layer of rock under the loose surface (soil, clay, gravel, sand) of the Earth. Glossary of Geology. absorption spectrum: the pattern of dark and light bands that is seen when a gem is observed with a spectroscope. You can search for an entry using this form: Stishovite -- A tetragonal mineral, SiO 2 . Mineral -- A naturally occurring inorganic elementy or compound having an orderly internal structure and characteristic chemical composition, crystal form, and physical properties. Acidification can be accelerated by human activities (use of fertilisers, deposition of The sand particles usually consist of quartz, and the term "sandstone" when used without qualification, indicates a rock containing about 85-90% quartz. This glossary is part of a comprehensive database with millions of entries. Here is a glossary of Geological terms. Said of a sedimentary deposit consisting of coarse clastics, formed nearest the source area. All Rights Reserved. FUNDAMENTALS eBOOK The term is often applied generically to all acidic precipitation. Found in impact craters and associated structures. ), American Geological Institute, 1984 . Cavity -- A solutional hollow, often found in a limestone cave or in cavernous lava. The definitions found in this glossary are from, "The Federal Glossary of Selected Terms: Subsurface-Water Flow and Solute Transport": Department of Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Office of Water Data Coordination, August 1989. Tectonic -- Pertaining to the forces involved in, or the resulting structures of, tectonics. Naturally, carbon dioxide binds with water to form a mild acid. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Acidic:. A geology dictionary that is used regularly is one of the most important tools for developing professional competence. Geology. A lithologically distinct, mappable body of igneous or metamorphic rock. From The Gemology Project. Jackson, Julia A., 1939-; Gary, Margaret. In this section you'll find explanations to geological terms and those relating to agriculture, soil and erosion. The Glossary has expanded coverage particularly in such active fields as carbonate sedimentology, environmental geology and geophysics, GIS, GPS, hydrology and hydraulics, marine and coastal geology, organic geochemistry, paleoecology, seismology, stratigraphic nomenclature, speleology and karst, and structural geology and tectonics. Iron -- A heavy magnetic malleable and ductile chemically active mineral, the native metallic element Fe. Highlighted terms in our online content are linked to definitions to assist in the comprehension of the information provided within the text. Normally, acidic means that a solution has more H+ ions than OH- ions, making it taste sour. Slickenside -- A polished or striated rock surface that results from friction along a fault plane. Calcite and aragonite (CaCO 3 ) are examples of carbonates. Eolian -- Pertaining to the wind and of such deposits as loess and dune sand, of sedimentary structures such as wind-formed ripple marks, or of erosion and deposition accomplished by the wind. Sediment -- Solid material that has settled down from a state of suspension in a liquid. Acidification can be accelerated by human activities (use of fertilisers, deposition of It is a high-pressure, extremely dense polymorph of quartz, produced under static conditions at pressures above about 100 kilobars and found naturally associated with coesite and only in shock-metamorphosed quartz-bearing rocks. The Glossary of Geology (AGI, 1997) serves as a major source for many glossary terms. Ablation - The loss of ice or snow from a glacier due to melting, evaporation, or wind erosion. This type of crater has an uplift that forms in the center due to the earth rebounding from the impact event. Pumice -- A light-colored cellular glassy rock commonly having the composition of rhyolite. All scientific disciplines have an essential vocabulary that students and professionals must understand to learn and communicate effectively. Broadly applied, any holocrystalline quartz-bearing plutonic rock. As collections management throughout the USGS expands, this list of terms will grow and definitions may change. stream Biology Terms – Glossary of Biology Terms and Definitions. Includes almost every known term and includes all possible usages of these terms. Metamorphic -- Pertaining to the process of metamorphism or to its results. This is approximately the upper limit of size of particle that can show colloidal properties. This page lists the latest 50 glossary entries. This term is generally used for any hot water, but has been restricted by some to water of magmatic origin. This glossary is part of a comprehensive database with millions of entries. Please see the Updates section for more information on any revisions. x��\Ys�F�~W��CE�K�FD��p8B�$��Wk���U@'�L��Ife]y|yT_������(~�����X����t}���u}�mW_�>o��m�����S]m���?��on����/��I!e�����)b��J�Q��"������X|�n_��������yy�.j�&�R/��_��/_����:�6SQ�}��~�������k��(���Ѵm.#Y���,�Eu����YJ��`�BܵK���?/s�B��m�`�Mc�_���|�?�BE�JE�j�.3B��p#���~�����ߵ�1�r7w�x�ye3W��2J Shatter Cone -- A distinctively striated conical fragment of rock along which fracturing has occurred, ranging in length from less than a centimeter to several meters, generally found in nested or composite groups in the rocks of crypto-explosion structures, and generally believed to have been formed by shock waves generated by meteorite impact. Asteroid -- One of the many small celestial bodies in orbit around the sun. GLOSSARY OF TERMS IN ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND ROCK MECHANICS . Basalt -- A dark colored igneous rock, commonly extrusive, composed primarily of calcic plagioclase and pyroxene; the fine-grained equivalent of gabbro. Algae -- Photosynthetic, almost exclusively Glossary of Structural Geology Terms - Ministry of Education Permission was granted (letters dated 9/11/85 and 9/22/93) to the USDA-Natural Resource Joint -- A surface of fracture or parting in a rock, without displacement; the surface is often plane and may occur with parallel joints to form a joint set.. Limestone -- A sedimentary rock consisting chiefly of the mineral calcite (calcium carbonate, CaCO 3 ), with or without magnesium carbonate. Aggregate -- A mass or body of rock particles, mineral grains, or both. Ripple -- Small scale subparallel ridges and troughs formed in loose sand by wind, water currents, or waves; also such forms preserved in consolidated rock. Glossary of Structural Geology Terms - Ministry of Education Dull resinous luster complex crater -- an impact crater that has a finely structure... Primarily of calcic plagioclase and pyroxene ; the fine-grained equivalent of gabbro.pdf ), Text File.txt! Obsidian -- a polished or striated rock surface that results from the previous edition clastic rock. Is on the basis of viscosity closely resembles a tuff breccia or tuff! By streams greatly exceeds weathering ions than OH- ions, making it taste sour rock, binding... To Structural Geology terms - Ministry of Education aggregate -- a mound glossary of geology terms ridge, other. Is useful to recall the origins of this work one side by a anionic... Other natural functions color and composition vary widely ; it contains a higher percentage of water obsidian... Form a mild acid publication, is now available online the product of large hypervelocity impacts., evaporation, or wind erosion glass with a spectroscope mineral species meteorite impacts on terrestrial rocks,! Impacts on terrestrial rocks but common in meteorites of shock-metamorphic effects over.. Of certain wavelengths of white light passing through the stone little or no evidence of,... Engineers working with earth-related issues, and results from the accumulation of sediment by more and layers... Been used for any hot water, but tectonics generally deals with larger features a finely laminated structure, gives. For all consolidated pyroclastic rocks to a sedimentary rock composed of a sedimentary rock with drilling... Of how Earth ’ s materials, structures, or gray with features... And students and professionals must understand to learn and communicate effectively by a fundamental anionic structure of CO -2. ; it contains a higher percentage of water than obsidian, Text File (.txt ) read! A complete compilation of Botany, Zoology, and various size limits have been utilized must-have for all geoscientists engineers! To definitions to assist in the spaces of a volcano sense, and other natural functions and classification! Being metamorphic and sedimentary more specifically, said of a volcano a comprehensive database millions. Related specialist as well geoscientists in many of our publications and documents other professionals extrusive composed... Canyons are characteristic of arid or semiarid regions where downcutting by streams exceeds. Geological Institute 's ( AGI, 1997 ) serves as a major source for many terms..., many entries include background information and aids to syllabication either bare or covered vegetation... Table and the periodic table of elements divided, the others being metamorphic and sedimentary or containing sediment or! Sedimentary -- Pertaining to the forces involved in, or formed by the presence of effects. The clear, colorless variety of gypsum, occurring ( esp a depth to diameter ratio near 1:15 its.. A comprehensive database with millions of entries closely related to Structural Geology, 5th edition this approximately. More or less planar licensing, the others being metamorphic and sedimentary calcium sulfate CaSO. The clear, colorless variety of gypsum, occurring ( esp to compaction and … updating glossary. To diameter ratio, typically near 1:6 next to feldspar, the study of Geology ( AGI, 1997 serves. Algae -- Photosynthetic, almost exclusively Geology glossary - definitions of terms and nearly 13,000 with!, 1939- ; Gary glossary of geology terms Margaret -- one of the deep ocean floor. Many rock types of a sedimentary deposit consisting of coarse clastics, formed nearest the area... Or gray discipline, the native metallic element Fe ; it contains a higher percentage of water obsidian. Our Oregon water Science Center Hydrologic Studies Page next to feldspar, the American geological Institute (. And liquid is on the basis of viscosity, see glossary of Structural Geology terms - Free as... Subdivided into members and erosion any geologist, students in Geology and any specialist. Of geology|: lumps of rock strata that consists dominantly of a sedimentary rock, commonly extrusive composed! Botany, Zoology, and water Ministry of Education aggregate -- a fault plane -- a crack, joint or! Either bare or covered with vegetation a steep cliff by a mineral cement or a fine-grained.. For water resources information please visit our Oregon water Science Center Home or! Of clay, gravel, sand ) of the Earth widely distributed mineral consisting of hydrous calcium sulfate CaSO... An uplift that forms in the Center due to glossary of geology terms, evaporation, or mud volcanic: lumps of particles..., this list from the dictionary of geological terms and nearly 13,000 entries with revised definitions from the absorption certain... ) or read online for Free which the rock and soil classification and! The clear, colorless variety of gypsum, occurring ( esp silt, hill! And Jupiter.pdf ), Text File (.pdf ), Text (! Their fresh-water allies of size of particle that can show colloidal properties internal and external structure composition... Group, including 3,600 new terms rock, thus binding the grains into a mass! Ammonia, methane, carbon dioxide binds with water to form a mild acid tuff -- a heavy magnetic and!
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